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一、学习的含义、学习系统的定义 学习是人类增长知识、改善技能的基本活动。人所以能适应环境的变化并提高解决问题的能力,其原因在于人能通过学习积累经验,总结规律,以增长知识和才能、从而更好地改善自己的决策与行动。早在人工智能研究初期,人工智能研究者就企图理解学习的过程,编制能够进行学习活动的计算机程序。 研究学习有两个基本目的。其一是理解学习活动本身。通过开发计算机学习模型,心理学家获得对人类学习的认识,哲学家理解知识的含义、知识增加的原因等。其二是使计算机具有学习的能力。教会计算机去解决问题而不是编制程序是人工智能的长期目标。计算机的许多应用,诸如智能辅助程序等都包括新知识的获取。因此,学习的研究就能开拓计算机的应用范围。 学习是人类的基本活动,知识则是智能的集中表现。我们所理解的知识主要有两类。一类是显式
First, the meaning of learning, the definition of learning system Learning is the basic activities of human growth knowledge, improve skills. The reason why people can adapt to changes in the environment and improve their ability to solve problems is that people can accumulate experience and sum up the law through learning so as to increase their knowledge and talents so as to better improve their own decision-making and actions. As early as the beginning of artificial intelligence research, artificial intelligence researchers attempted to understand the learning process and to prepare computer programs that could carry out learning activities. Study and study have two basic purposes. One is to understand the learning activity itself. Through the development of computer learning models, psychologists gain awareness of human learning, philosophers understand the meaning of knowledge, the reasons for the increase of knowledge. The second is to make computers have the ability to learn. Teaching computers to solve problems rather than programming is the long-term goal of artificial intelligence. Many computer applications, such as intelligent support programs, include the acquisition of new knowledge. Therefore, the study of learning can open up the range of computer applications. Learning is the basic human activity, while knowledge is the concentrated expression of intelligence. There are two main types of knowledge that we understand. One is explicit