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目的研究吉林省2001~2014年麻疹病毒血凝素(H)蛋白的变异情况。方法选取吉林省2001~2014年21株麻疹病毒株,通过病毒分离、核酸提取、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增得到H蛋白基因片段,测序并拼接全序,用生物信息学软件进行变异分析。结果吉林省2001~2014年21株麻疹病毒株均为H1a基因亚型,与中国疫苗株S191相比,H蛋白的核苷酸变异率由2001年的4.69%逐年上升到2013年的5.34%,氨基酸变异率由4.05%逐年上升到5.02%。与H1a中国代表株China93-4相比,核苷酸变异率从0.38%逐步上升为1.14%,氨基酸变异率从0.49%逐步上升为1.41%。吉林省麻疹病毒株均保留了4个糖基化位点,第240位氨基酸均由丝氨酸变为天冬酰胺,导致第5个糖基化位点NLS238~240缺失。21株麻疹病毒H蛋白氨基酸的334、397、493、574、592、603、613和614位点熵值相对偏高,可变性相对较大。结论吉林省2001~2014年麻疹病毒的核苷酸和氨基酸变异率均呈逐年升高趋势,需持续监测关键区域位点变异情况。
Objective To study the variation of hemagglutinin (H) protein in Jilin Province from 2001 to 2014. Methods 21 strains of measles virus from 2001 to 2014 in Jilin Province were selected. The H gene fragments were amplified by virus isolation, nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) Learning software for mutation analysis. Results The 21 strains of measles virus from 2001 to 2014 in Jilin Province were all H1a subtype. Compared with the Chinese strain S191, the nucleotide variation of H protein increased from 4.69% in 2001 to 5.34% in 2013, The mutation rate of amino acids increased from 4.05% to 5.02% year by year. The nucleotide variation rate gradually increased from 0.38% to 1.14% and the amino acid mutation rate gradually increased from 0.49% to 1.41% compared with the H193 China representative strain China93-4. Jilin province measles strain retained four glycosylation sites, 240 amino acids from serine to asparagine, resulting in the fifth glycosylation site NLS238 ~ 240 deletion. The entropy values of amino acid 334, 397, 493, 574, 592, 603, 613 and 614 of the 21 measles virus H proteins were relatively high and their variability was relatively large. Conclusion The mutation rates of nucleotide and amino acid of measles virus in Jilin Province from 2001 to 2014 both showed an increasing trend year by year, and the variation of site variation in key areas should be continuously monitored.