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公元3-10世纪是中国古代都城发展的重要时期。此时期经历了魏晋南北朝的长期分裂、融合和隋唐一统天下的盛世局面。这一时期,都城的规划、设计、布置有一定的相似和沿承,形成所谓的“中世纪都城系统”。中国古代都城的考古学研究,把中世纪的都城系统更具体化为:“邺(曹魏十六国)—洛阳(北魏)—邺南城(东魏北齐)—大兴(隋)—长安(唐)。”在此系统中,长安城前后经历了十六国、西魏、北周,至隋大兴和唐长安等阶段,是研究中世纪都城系统的重要范本。本文依托此时期的考古成果,上溯邺城、曹魏洛阳城、北魏洛阳城、东魏、北齐邺南城,下至隋大兴、唐长安城,从选址、规划设计、城址布局、结构区划、城市建筑与园林艺术等方面,对中世纪都城系统的产生、动态过程进行科学的归纳,同时重新审视“胡汉体制”与中世纪都城系统的关系。
The 3-10th century AD is an important period for the development of the ancient capital in China. This period experienced the long-term division and integration of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the prosperity of the world under the sui and tang dynasties. During this period, the capital city planning, design, layout has a certain similarity and along the bearing, forming the so-called “Medieval capital system ”. Archeology in ancient Chinese capitals makes the capital system of the Middle Ages more specific as follows: “邺 (Sixteen States of Cao Wei) - Luoyang (Northern Wei Dynasty) - Taonan City (Eastern Wei Dynasty) - Daxing (Sui) - Chang’an (Tang). ”In this system, Chang’an City experienced sixteen countries, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Daxing and the Tang Chang’an stages before and after. It is an important model for studying the capital city system of the Middle Ages. This article relies on the archeological achievements of this period, from the city, Cao Wei Luoyang City, the Northern Wei Luoyang City, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the northern Qiju Nancheng, down to the Sui Daxing, Tang Chang’an City, from the site selection, planning and design, urban layout, structural division, urban architecture And garden art and so on, this article scientifically sums up the generation and dynamic process of the medieval city system, and at the same time, reexamined the relationship between “Hu-Han System” and the medieval city system.