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人类免疫缺陷病毒1(HIV-1)感染机体之后,其辅助蛋白负性调节因子(Nef)可以通过其功能不同的结构域,以不同的机制,对靶细胞表面的多种细胞膜分子进行调节,同时增强病毒的感染力和抑制抗体类别转换。这些机制使得HIV-1侵染的靶细胞避免超感染,保证HIV-1在宿主细胞合适而稳定的环境中进行增殖、完成生命周期,从而实现HIV-1在人体内的长期潜伏和免疫逃逸。本文综述了Nef的结构域以及其下调多种靶细胞膜表面分子CD4、MHC-Ⅰ、CC趋化因子受体5(CCR5)、CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)等的机制,以期加深对Nef蛋白功能的理解,为HIV-1的防治提供新的理论线索。
After human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infects the body, its helper protein negative regulator (Nef) can regulate various cell membrane molecules on the target cell surface through different functional domains and different mechanisms, While enhancing the virus’s infectivity and inhibition of antibody class switching. These mechanisms enable HIV-1-infected target cells to avoid over-infection and ensure that HIV-1 proliferates and completes the life cycle in a suitable and stable environment in host cells to achieve long-term latent and immune escape of HIV-1 in humans. This review summarizes the mechanisms of the Nef domain and its down-regulation of CD4, MHC-I, CCR5, and CXCR4 in a variety of target cell membrane surfaces, The understanding of Nef protein function provides new theoretical clues for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1.