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目的描述学龄前儿童饮食模式的类型,了解其执行功能异常的发生状况,探讨二者之间的关联性。方法于2014年4月—2015年6月,对就读于马鞍山市91所幼儿园12363名3~5岁学龄前儿童进行问卷普查,运用学龄前儿童执行功能评定量表(BRIEF-P)评估儿童的执行功能发育状况,运用自编食物频率表(FFQ)评估儿童的饮食模式。运用二分类非条件回归模型分析学龄前儿童饮食模式与其执行功能发育异常的关联。结果学龄前儿童年龄越大、父母亲文化程度越高,执行功能得分越低(功能越好),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学龄前儿童饮食模式可分为5种类型。“加工型”、“饮料型”和“零食型”饮食摄入越少,“素食型”和“健康型”饮食摄入越多,执行功能得分越低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,“加工型”饮食(OR=1.44,95%CI 1.20~1.72)、“饮料型”饮食(OR=1.22,95%CI 1.03~1.46)和“零食型”饮食(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.08~1.52)是执行功能的危险因素,“素食型”饮食(OR=0.80,95%CI 0.67~0.95)和“健康型”饮食(OR=0.84,95%CI 0.71~0.98)是执行功能的保护因素。结论学龄前儿童执行功能与饮食模式密切相关,“素食型”和“健康型”的饮食模式对其执行功能的发育有益。
Objective To describe the types of dietary patterns in preschool children, understand the occurrence of dysfunctional executive function, and explore the relationship between the two. Methods From April 2014 to June 2015, 12363 preschoolers aged 3-5 were enrolled in 91 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City for questionnaire survey. The children’s performance was assessed using the BRIEF-P Performing functional developmental status, using self-compiled food frequency table (FFQ) to assess children’s diet patterns. The use of binary classification of non-conditional regression analysis of preschool children’s diet pattern and executive function dysfunction associated. Results The older the preschool-age children, the higher the educational level of parents and the lower the executive function score (the better the function), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Preschoolers diet patterns can be divided into five types. The lower the intake of “diet”, “beverage” and “snack”, the more of “vegetarian” and “healthy” diets, the lower the executive function score (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the “diet” (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.20-1.72) and the “diet” diet (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.46) “Diet (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.52) was a risk factor for executive function, with” vegetarian “diet (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.95) and” healthy “diet = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71 ~ 0.98) is the protective factor of executive function. Conclusion The executive function of pre-school children is closely related to dietary patterns. The dietary patterns of ”vegetarian“ and ”healthy" are beneficial to the development of their executive functions.