在鉴定水果品质等级过程中，病害与虫害是主要参考因素，通过实践观察可以发现，无论是水果的生长与加工，还是后续的贮藏与运输处理，都很容易受到外部细菌的感染，或遭到害虫的侵蚀。这不仅直接降低了水果的质量水平，还可能导致出现食品安全问题。以水果病虫害无损检测技术为探讨主题，阐述X 射线成像、计算机视觉、核磁共振以及光谱技术等在无损检测中的具体应用。“,”In the process of identifying the quality of fruits, diseases and insect pests are the main reference factors. Throughrnpractical observation, it can be found that the growth and processing of fruits or the subsequent storage and transportation are allrnsusceptible to external bacterial infection. Or be eroded by pests. This not only directly reduces the quality of the fruit, but may alsornlead to food safety issues. This article takes the non-destructive detection technology of fruit diseases and insect pests as the topic ofrndiscussion, and elaborates the specific applications of X-ray imaging, computer vision, nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy inrnnon-destructive testing.