马克·吐温(1835-1910),美国批判现实主义文学奠基人,世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程,其思想和创作也表现为从轻松幽默到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。1867年,他的第一部短篇小说集《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名跳蛙及其他》问世,从此开始了文学生涯。他的主要作品有小说《傻瓜国外旅行记》《镀金时代》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等以及逝世后出版的《神秘的来客》《百万英磅及其新编故事》等。其中《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》被公认为是他最优秀的作品。马克·吐温出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭,从小离家拜师学艺。当过排字工人、密西西比河水手、南军士兵,还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业,但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学。马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的主要作品大多有中文译本。 Mark Twain (1835-1910), the founder of American critical realism literature, the world famous master of short stories. He experienced the development of the United States from “free” capitalism to imperialism. His thoughts and creations also manifested itself in the development stage from light humor to spicy satire to pessimistic and weary world. In 1867, his first short story collection, The Famous Calaveras and Other in Calaveras County, began his literary career. His main works include the novel “Fool’s Travel abroad” “Gilded Age” “Tom Sawyer’s Adventures”, etc., and after the death of the publication of “Mysterious Guest” “million pounds and its new story” and so on. One of the “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” is recognized as his best work. Mark Twain was born in a small village in the Mississippi River in Hannibal, a poor family of lawyers from home to study skills. A former typewriter, sailor of the Mississippi River, a soldier of the South Army, also ran the wood industry, mining and publishing industries, but effective work was when journalists and writing humorous literature. Mark Twain has been hailed as “Lincoln in American Literature.” Most of his major works have Chinese translations.