Rydberg quantum computation with nuclear spins in two-electron neutral atoms

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Alkaline-earth-like (AEL) atoms with two valence electrons and a nonzero nuclear spin can be excited to Rydberg state for quantum computing.Typical AEL ground states possess no hyperfine splitting,but unfortunately a GHz-scale splitting seems necessary for Rydberg excitation.Though strong magnetic fields can induce a GHz-scale splitting,weak fields are desirable to avoid noise in experiments.Here,we provide two solutions to this outstanding challenge with realistic data of well-studied AEL isotopes.In the first theory,the two nuclear spin qubit states |0) and |1〉 are excited to Rydberg states |r〉 with detuning △ and 0,respectively,where a MHz-scale detuning △ arises from a weak magnetic field on the order of 1 G.With a proper ratio between △ and Ω,the qubit state |1〉 can be fully excited to the Rydberg state while |0〉 remains there.In the second theory,we show that by choosing appropriate intermediate states a two-photon Rydberg excitation can proceed with only one nuclear spin qubit state.The second theory is applicable whatever the magnitude of the magnetic field is.These theories bring a versatile means for quantum computation by combining the broad applicability of Rydberg blockade and the incomparable advantages of nuclear-spin quantum memory in two-electron neutral atoms.
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