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边境碳调节措施是气候变化背景下国际贸易中出现的新问题。基于经济学局部均衡理论研究显示,进口国实施边境碳调节措施的贸易与环境效应具有不确定性,与进口弹性、出口企业执行碳排放标准的成本以及这一成本在生产成本中的比重有关,且该措施只针对进入该国市场的碳密集型产品而并没考虑到该产品生产过程中产生的全球外部性。因此,边境碳调节措施作为一项以环境保护为外衣的单边贸易措施,难以达到减缓全球气候变化的效果,反而会引发贸易摩擦。
Border carbon regulation is a new issue in international trade in the context of climate change. Based on the theory of partial equilibrium in economics, the trade and environmental effects of border carbon regulation in importing countries are uncertain, which are related to the elasticity of imports and the cost of implementing carbon emission standards for export enterprises and the proportion of this cost in production costs. This measure only targets carbon-intensive products entering the market in the country and does not take into account the global externalities generated in the production of the product. Therefore, as a unilateral trade measure based on environmental protection, border carbon adjustment measures can hardly achieve the effect of mitigating the global climate change and will instead trigger trade frictions.