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美国第一波主流白人生态批评主要以深层生态学为其思想基础,探究文学与环境之间的关系及探讨解决环境危机的文化对策,因而伴随着诸多缺陷,其中,最为严重的是种族偏见。有鉴于此,在环境公正运动的强烈冲击下,种族范畴被引入生态批评领域,从而推动白人生态批评的转型并催生了美国少数族裔生态批评,它是当今美国生态批评中最为活跃、丰饶的学术场域。在此,笔者将分析指出美国白人生态批评的主要盲点及其转型的必然性,概要介绍美国少数族裔生态批评的主要内容及其学术意义。
The first wave of mainstream white eco-criticism in the United States mainly uses deep ecology as its ideological basis to explore the relationship between literature and the environment and to explore cultural solutions to environmental crises. As a result, there are many flaws. Among them, the most serious is racial prejudice. In view of this, ethnic groups have been brought into ecocriticism under the intense impact of environmental justice movement, which promotes the transformation of white ecocriticism and spawned ecocriticism of American ethnic minorities. It is the most active and fertile ecological criticism in the United States today Academic field. Here, I will analyze and point out the main blind spots of American white ecological critique and the inevitability of its transformation, and outline the main contents and academic significance of the ecological criticism of American ethnic minorities.