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研究了光周期反应敏感的晚熟大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]品种自贡冬豆在正常花芽分化和开花逆转过程中的解剖学特征。光周期处理包括连续短日照(SD,12 h)、连续长日照(LD,16 h)和13 d短日后转入长日(SD13d-LD)3种。结果表明,自贡冬豆在连续短日条件下可正常开花结实;经13 d短日照处理后移至长日照下,约50%的植株发生开花逆转,另外50%的植株形成短的顶端花序;在连续长日照下保持营养生长。短日照不仅促进大豆的生殖发育,而且加快出叶速度。短日处理3 d基部叶腋开始分化花芽;13 d顶端分生组织开始分化花序,19 d顶端花序分化结束,29 d植株开花。SD13-LD处理,在移至长日照的最初14 d内,顶端分生组织继续分化花原基,但分化速度比连续短日处理慢,分化出的花芽数目少。长日处理20 d(出苗后33 d)左右,约50%植株的顶端分生组织逆转到营养器官的分化。在连续长日条件下,顶端分生组织一直分化叶片。还讨论了叶片和花器官的同源性问题。
The anatomic characteristics of photoperiod sensitive late-season soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Zigong Winter Bean during normal flower bud differentiation and flowering reversal were studied. The photoperiodic treatment consisted of continuous short-day (SD, 12 h), continuous long-day (LD, 16 h) and short-day 13 days into long-term (SD13d-LD) The results showed that Zigong winter bean could flowering and fruiting under continuous short day conditions. About 50% of the plants were reverse flowering after long-day treatment of 13 days and 50% of the plants formed short apical inflorescences. Maintain vegetative growth under continuous long sunshine. Short-day sunshine not only promote the reproductive development of soybeans, but also speed up the leaf out of speed. The leaf axils of the basal leaves began to differentiate on the 3rd day after short-day treatment. On the 13th day, the apical meristem started to differentiate, and on the 19th day the top of the inflorescence was terminated. The plants bloomed on the 29th day. SD13-LD, the apical meristem continued to differentiate into the primordium during the first 14 days of long-day irradiation, but the differentiation rate was slower than that of the continuous short-term treatment, and the number of flower buds differentiated was small. About 20 days post-emergence (about 33 days after emergence), about 50% of the top apical meristem of plants reversed to the differentiation of vegetative organs. In continuous long day conditions, the apical meristem has been differentiated leaves. The issue of homology between leaves and floral organs was also discussed.