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国际汉语教材的最大问题是“走出去”非常困难,主要原因就是针对性很差,国别化特色不突出。本文认为解决教材问题的关键就在于处理好教材的通用性与国别化之间的关系。教材通用性是符合汉语规律、汉语教学与学习规律的特性,这是国际汉语教材走出去的基础和基本原则。国别性分为内在因素和外部环境。内在因素包含语言对比和跨文化交际;外部环境包括教学对象国的语言教学标准、课程设置等。通用性与国别性关系,是一般与个别的关系。通用性是根本,国别化是特殊性,本土化是解决国别性的途径。
The main problem of the international Chinese textbook is that it is very difficult to go abroad. The main reason is that the pertinence is poorly targeted and the characteristics of the nationalization are not prominent. This article holds that the key to solving the teaching material problem is to handle the relationship between the universality and nationalization of teaching materials. The universality of teaching materials is in line with the laws of Chinese, teaching and learning of Chinese characteristics, which is the basis and basic principles for the teaching of International Chinese. Country is divided into internal factors and the external environment. The internal factors include language comparison and intercultural communication; the external environment includes the language teaching standards of the teaching target countries, curriculum settings and so on. The relationship between universality and nationality is the relationship between generality and individuality. Universal is the fundamental, nationalization is the particularity, localization is the way to solve the country.