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禾本科牧草与草坪草在农业可持续发展、城市绿化和生态环境保护方面起着至关重要的作用。近年来,随着生物技术的发展,国内外在牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种研究方面取得了较大进展。该文在归纳总结该领域研究成果的基础上,对影响禾本科牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种的几个主要因素进行了探讨。大量研究结果表明,供试材料的基因型是影响培养效率的最主要因素。小孢子发育到单核中期至晚期时有利于提高培养效率。培养前花药经过低温和甘露醇等预处理不但可以提高愈伤组织的诱导效率,还可提高愈伤组织的质量。适宜的激素种类和配比也是影响培养成败的关键因素。同时,总结了雄核发育再生植株的倍性鉴定方法和加倍技术,对单倍体育种技术在禾本科牧草及草坪草育种中的应用前景进行了展望。
Grasses and turf grasses play a crucial role in the sustainable development of agriculture, urban greening and the protection of the ecological environment. In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, great progresses have been made in the research on the gynecological and turfgrass gynecological development and haploid breeding at home and abroad. On the basis of summarizing the research results in this field, several main factors that affect the development of male and turf grasses and haploid breeding are discussed. A large number of studies have shown that the genotype of the test material is the most important factor affecting the efficiency of culture. Microspore development to mononuclear metaphase to late is conducive to raising the efficiency of culture. Pre-culture anther pretreatment with low temperature and mannitol can not only improve the callus induction efficiency, but also improve the quality of callus. Appropriate hormone types and ratio also affect the success or failure of the key factors. At the same time, the ploidy identification method and doubling technology of the regenerated plants of the male pronucleus were summarized, and the prospect of haploid breeding technology in the grazing grass and turfgrass breeding was forecasted.