目的用多色荧光原位杂交(M-FISH)检测膀胱移行细胞癌中常见的染色体畸变。方法50例尿液标本采用FISH技术检测9p21区带及17、7、3号染色体的畸变情况,并对结果进行相应的统计学分析。结果 50例膀胱癌病人组中,4个染色体均显示较高的畸变率。9p21以及17、7和3号染色体畸变率与病理分期、分级均有显著相关性(P<0.01)。结论用荧光原位杂交技术是检测尿路上皮肿瘤染色体畸变的有效方法,可作为早期诊断尿路上皮肿瘤的重要途径。 Objective To detect the chromosomal aberrations in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). Methods FISH was used to detect the aberrations of chromosome 9p21 and chromosomes 17, 7 and 3 in 50 urine samples and the corresponding statistical analysis was made. Results Among the 50 patients with bladder cancer, four chromosomes showed higher aberration rate. The chromosome aberration rates of 9p21, 17, 7 and 3 were significantly correlated with pathological stage and grading (P <0.01). Conclusion Fluorescent in situ hybridization is an effective method to detect chromosomal aberrations in urothelial tumors and can be used as an important method for early diagnosis of urothelial tumors.