论文部分内容阅读
新近一些旨在理解人类合作之进化基础的行为实验表明,积极参与高成本惩罚的意愿(甚至是在某些一次性的情形中),可能是人类心理的一部分,可能也是理解我们社会性的关键。然而,由于绝大部分的实验都被限制在工业化社会中的研究,因此这些洞见在所有人类各个族群中的普遍性如何,仍然是不确定的。这里,从15处不同地域居民群体中所获得的实验性结果表明:①由于不公平行为的增多,所有居民群体都表现出了某种运用高成本惩罚的意愿;②这种惩罚的量值在各个居民群体之中会发生实质性变化;③高成本惩罚与各居民群体中的利他主义行为之间呈正比关系。这些发现与关于人类利他主义的基因-文化模式是一致的,并且进一步深化了任何一种需要解释的人类合作理论。
Some recent behavioral experiments aimed at understanding the evolutionary basis of human cooperation have shown that the willingness to actively participate in high-cost penalties, even in some one-off situations, may be part of human psychology and may be the key to understanding our sociality . However, since most of the experiments are limited to research in industrialized societies, it remains uncertain whether these insights are universal among all human groups. Here, the experimental results obtained from 15 different groups of residents indicate that: ① All groups of residents show some willingness to use high-cost punishment due to the increase of unfair behavior; ② The magnitude of this punishment is Substantial changes will occur among the various groups of residents; ③ There is a direct correlation between high-cost penalties and altruistic behavior among various groups of residents. These findings are consistent with the genetic-cultural model of human altruism and further deepen any theory of human cooperation that needs explanation.