采用分层整群抽样的方法对四川彭县5个乡的农村0～6岁死亡儿童193名与存活儿童进行1:1配对调查。发现影响0～6岁儿童死亡的主要因素有低出生体重,早产、难产、产后访视≤1次,非母乳喂养。各年龄段儿童及居住地理区域不同的儿童死亡影响因素有一定差异,对此进行了单因素分析及多元分析。 A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the 1: 1 matching of 193 children aged 0 ~ 6 years old and surviving children in rural areas of Peng County, Sichuan Province. Found that the main factors affecting the death of children aged 0-6 were low birth weight, premature birth, dystocia, postpartum visits ≤ 1 times, non-breastfeeding. Children of all ages and living geographical differences in child mortality factors have some differences, which were univariate and multivariate analysis.