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一百年前英国科学家在土壤中发现了离子交换机构。Way在研究土壤的同时,也研究了阳离子在土壤中的交换作用。一百年来很多人沿着这条道路做了不少工作(Гедроиц及其他)。最早工业上用了天然的泡沸石把硬水软化,后来人工合成了人造泡沸石,其性质与天然泡沸石相同。在目前还常常可以看到用这种泡沸石来软化水,它的缺点是不能耐酸耐硷,能软化水而不能做无盐的水,因此它渐渐被磺化煤和离子交换树脂所代替。对离子交换树脂有两个要求:
A hundred years ago British scientists found ion exchange in the soil. While studying the soil, Way also studied the exchange of cations in the soil. Many people have done a lot of work along this path for a hundred years (Гедроиц and others). The earliest industrial use of natural zeolite to soften the hard water, and later synthetic artificial zeolite, its nature and zeolite the same. It is also often presently seen that the use of such zeolites to soften water has the disadvantage that it can not acid and alkali resistance, can soften water and can not be made unsalted water, so it is gradually replaced by sulfonated coal and ion exchange resins. There are two requirements for ion exchange resins: