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反倾销法自它诞生的那一天起,就存在着反倾销措施被滥用的事实。特别是随着贸易自由化步伐的加快,关税逐步减低,非关税壁垒的逐步消除,西方发达国家滥用受 WTO认同的反倾销这一非关税壁垒措施更是达到登峰造极的地步。从目前的情况看,美国、欧共体、加拿大、澳大利亚是对别国产品实施反倾销措施最多的国家和地区,尤其是美国和欧共体,如仅在1999年1月至1999年11月不到一年时间,欧盟就发动了12起针对中国的反倾销调查。美国在 1998年对中国提起反倾销诉讼为2起,而仅在 1999年就对中国发动了 8起的反倾销调查。然而,据 WTO最新统计,中国出口产品反倾销案件的绝对胜诉率(无税结案)只有35.7％。不可否认,这与中国出口产品的低附加值、企业不积极应诉、出口秩序混乱等有一定的联系,但贸易保护主义色彩强烈的欧美反倾销条例也是造成中国应诉率不高的重要原因。因此,本文就以欧美反倾销法及实践为基础,探讨欧美国家反倾销措施的滥用状况。
Anti-dumping law from the day it was born, there is the fact that anti-dumping measures were abused. Especially with the acceleration of the pace of trade liberalization, the gradual reduction of tariffs and the gradual elimination of non-tariff barriers, the abuse of anti-dumping measures by non-tariff barriers recognized by the WTO in the developed countries of the West has even reached a peak. Judging from the current situation, the United States, the European Community, Canada and Australia have the most anti-dumping measures against other countries, especially the United States and the European Community. If only from January 1999 to November 1999 To a year, the EU launched 12 anti-dumping investigations against China. The United States filed two anti-dumping cases against China in 1998, and only eight anti-dumping investigations against China were launched in 1999. However, according to the latest statistics of the WTO, the absolute prevalence rate of anti-dumping cases on Chinese exports (no-tax settlement) is only 35.7%. It is undeniable that there is a certain connection between the low value-added of Chinese exports, the non-active response of enterprises and the export disorder. However, the strong anti-dumping regulations in Europe and the United States with trade protectionism are also important reasons for the low response rate in China. Therefore, based on the European and American anti-dumping laws and practices, this article explores the abuse of anti-dumping measures in Europe and the United States.