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一、前言在一些工业发达的国家.γ射线探伤很早就被广泛应用。有的国家.γ射线照相和 X 射线照相几乎各占一半,不论透照薄钢件还是厚钢件.都在广泛应用γ射线探伤。但在我国却极少应用,到目前为止,仍然相当普遍地采用X 射线进行无损检验。在石化系统,许多单位大量进口日本便携式 X 光机用于野外施工中焊缝探伤,由于任务量大,条件恶劣,虽然日本机比国产机的质量好一些,但其损坏率仍然相当高。国外配件供应困难,维修和购置费用昂贵,常造成极大的浪费,甚至因此贻误了工作。据有关材料介绍.我国五十年代曾大量使用放射性同位素进行γ射线探伤并积累了宝贵的经验。但是当时使用的设备多是从苏联进口的,由于这些设备控制系统易出故障.使一些探伤人员受了伤害,因而许多单位不愿使用这
First, the preface In some industrialized countries. Gamma ray detection has long been widely used. In some countries, radiographic and radiographic radiographs account for almost half of each, regardless of whether it is a thin steel or a thick steel one, and gamma-ray flaw detection is widely used. However, it is rarely used in our country. So far, X-ray is still quite commonly used for nondestructive testing. In the petrochemical system, many units import large quantities of portable X-ray machines from Japan for weld inspection in field construction. Due to the heavy workload and harsh conditions, although the quality of Japanese machines is better than that of domestic ones, the damage rate is still quite high. Difficulties in the supply of foreign accessories, maintenance and purchase costs are expensive, often causing great waste, or even delaying work. According to the introduction of related materials, China used large amount of radioactive isotopes for gamma ray inspection in the 1950s and accumulated valuable experience. However, most of the equipment used at that time was imported from the Soviet Union, and some flaw detection personnel were injured as a result of these equipment control systems being prone to failure, thus many units were reluctant to use this