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由于鸦片战争及清王朝腐败所造成的民族危机、国家衰败,近代中国是一个政治文化甚为发达的时代。在西方文化影响下,出现了一批初步开始具有现代性政治理念的知识群体。他们用从西方文化借用过来的新兴政治思想重新阐释政治生活,体现了与古人不同的政治参与精神。近代知识分子这种政治理念的变化,对文学的现代转型产生了极为重要的影响,它使得政治与文学迅速联姻,在推动文学走向泛政治化的同时,也极大地抬高了文学的社会地位。近代以来文学泛政治化观念的一个突出表现,就是把文学作为社会改革“利器”的夸大性使用。这在当时造成了一种普遍的推崇文学的社会气氛。近代以来对文学之社会作用特别是政治作用的普遍重视,既为文学改革营造了浓厚的舆论环境,也为文学改革提供了一种来自社会的动力。
Due to the national crisis caused by the Opium War and the Qing Dynasty’s corruption, the state declined, and modern China was an era with a very developed political culture. Under the influence of Western culture, there emerged a group of knowledge groups that initially started to have the political idea of modernity. They reinterpreted their political life with emerging political ideas borrowed from Western culture, embodying a different spirit of political participation than the ancients. The change of political ideology of modern intellectuals has an extremely important influence on the modern transformation of literature. It makes the rapid marriage of politics and literature, and at the same time promotes the pan-politicization of literature. At the same time, it greatly elevates the social status of literature . A prominent manifestation of the concept of pan-politicization of literature in modern times is the use of literature as an exaggeration of social reform and “weapon.” This at the time created a general social atmosphere of respected literature. Since modern times, the social importance of literature, especially its political role, has not only provided a strong public opinion environment for literary reform, but also provided a driving force for literary reform from the society.