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棉纤维的主要成分是纤维素,其含量在95％以上,其余为蜡类、糖类、蛋白质、灰分和少量有机酸等。那么,库存的棉花在什么情况下会引起自燃,在储运过程中应采取哪些安全措施,着火后该如何扑灭?笔者在这里作一简要介绍。 棉花自燃的原因 棉纤维所含以上成分的分子上都有亲水性的极性基因,吸湿性很强。原棉标准含水率为10％,回潮率为11.1％。棉花吸湿量超过12％,在适宜的温度下,霉菌就会大量繁殖,使商品霉烂变质,霉腐微生物在迅速生长繁殖过程中,大量产生热量,由于棉花的导热性差,积热散不出去,温度不断升高,导致棉纤维中不稳定的化合物出现炭化,当温度达到150℃以上时,纤维素开始分解,进入氧化过程,反应加快,热量剧增,随之发生自燃。
Cotton fiber is the main component of cellulose, its content above 95%, the rest of the wax, sugar, protein, ash and a small amount of organic acids. So, the stock of cotton under what circumstances will cause spontaneous combustion, storage and transportation in the process should take what safety measures, how to extinguish after the fire? I make a brief introduction here. The reason cotton spontaneously cotton fibers contain more than the molecular composition of hydrophilic polar genes, hygroscopicity is very strong. Raw cotton standard moisture content of 10%, moisture regain of 11.1%. Cotton moisture absorption of more than 12%, at the appropriate temperature, the mold will be a large number of breeding, so that commodity rotten metamorphosis, mold rot microorganisms in the rapid growth and reproduction process, a large number of heat, due to the poor thermal conductivity of cotton, As the temperature rises, the unstable compounds in the cotton fiber appear carbonized. When the temperature reaches above 150 ℃, the cellulose begins to decompose and enters the oxidation process. The reaction accelerates and the heat quantity increases rapidly and spontaneous combustion occurs.