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目的了解南京市市售蔬菜镉污染情况,对居民蔬菜镉暴露量进行评估。方法 2011—2014年对南京农贸市场和蔬菜批发市场销售的蔬菜进行抽样,按GB/T 5009.15的方法检测镉含量;在4个区县的4个社委会各随机抽取50户居民,采用记账法和半定量食物频率法对居民日常蔬菜消费量进行调查,并据此进行居民蔬菜镉暴露量评估。结果共采集44种、1 159份蔬菜。地产特种菜(芦蒿)镉含量最高,均值为74.4μg/kg,;其次为食用菌(香菇),均值为42.8μg/kg。镉含量由高到低分别为芦蒿、香菇、其次其他食用菌、叶菜类、鳞茎类、根茎类、茄果类、豆类、瓜类、芸苔属类和水生类。瓜类、茄果类、芦蒿、叶菜类和芸薹属类蔬菜不同季节的镉含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。居民每日通过蔬菜摄入镉的量为6.01μg,占每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的10.01%,其中镉暴露量居前3位的蔬菜依次为叶菜类、特种菜(芦蒿)和食用菌。结论目前蔬菜镉对南京市居民健康风险较小。
Objective To understand the cadmium pollution in vegetables in Nanjing and evaluate the cadmium exposure in vegetables. Methods Samples of vegetables sold in Nanjing farmers market and vegetable wholesale market were sampled from 2011 to 2014. The content of cadmium was measured according to the method of GB / T 5009.15. 50 residents were selected randomly from 4 social committees in 4 districts and counties. Account method and semi-quantitative food frequency method to investigate the daily consumption of vegetables residents, and based on which residents cadmium exposure assessment. Results A total of 44 species and 1,159 vegetables were collected. The real estate special dish (Artemisia selengensis) had the highest cadmium content, with an average of 74.4 μg / kg, followed by edible fungi (mushrooms) with an average of 42.8 μg / kg. Cadmium content from high to low were Artemisia, mushrooms, followed by other edible fungi, leafy vegetables, bulbs, rhizomes, eggplant, beans, melons, Brassica and aquatic species. There were significant differences in the contents of cadmium in melons, eggplants, Artemisia selengensis, leafy vegetables and Brassica vegetables in different seasons (P <0.05). The daily intake of cadmium by vegetables was 6.01μg, accounting for 10.01% of the weekly tolerable intake (PTWI). Among them, the vegetables with the highest cadmium exposure were leafy vegetables, special vegetables (Artemisia selengensis) And edible mushrooms. Conclusions At present, vegetable cadmium has a low health risk in Nanjing.