论文部分内容阅读
捕食性天敌不仅直接捕食害虫,而且还能改变害虫的生长发育、繁殖,间接地影响害虫的适合度。以常见模式昆虫黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen及捕食性天敌龟蚊瓢虫为研究系统,研究龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica Thunberg连续多代直接捕食胁迫、一代捕食胁迫后下一代不捕食胁迫,对果蝇生长发育、繁殖和适合度的影响。结果表明:如果持续地释放瓢虫对果蝇的捕食胁迫作用,显著缩短了第1代、第2代果蝇的幼虫的发育历期,增加了第1代、第2代果蝇的繁殖量。但在第3代的影响却是延长了果蝇的幼虫的发育历期,降低第3代果蝇的繁殖量。如果在上一代胁迫作用得到释放后,下一代不再有瓢虫胁迫,那么连续2代胁迫后去掉胁迫的果蝇比只胁迫一代后去掉胁迫的果蝇幼虫的发育历期明显延长,繁殖量明显下降,后代性比也明显下降。与连续胁迫条件下的处理相比,成虫的寿命明显延长;对果蝇幼虫的发育历期、繁殖量则没有显著影响。结果表明,龟蚊瓢虫的干扰胁迫作用,可以间接的增加果蝇的适合度,促进果蝇种群的增长,使果蝇种群自我维持、调节到相应的水平。
Predatory natural enemies not only directly capture pests, but also change the growth and development of pests, reproduction, indirectly affect the fitness of pests. In this paper, the common mode insect Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and the predatory insect Culex pipiens were studied. Propylea japonica Thunberg was directly inoculated for several generations of direct intimidation. One generation preyed on the non-predatory stress of the next generation after stress, Effects of growth, reproduction and fitness of flies. The results showed that if the ladybugs were continuously released to prey on the fruit flies, the developmental duration of the larvae of the first generation and second generation flies was significantly shortened and the reproduction of the first and second generation flies was increased . But in the third generation, the effect was to prolong the developmental duration of the fruit fly larvae and reduce the third-generation fruit fly reproduction. If the next generation no longer had ladybugs after the release of the previous generation of stress, the developmental duration of Drosophila larvae that survived two successive generations of stress was significantly longer than that of the control alone, Significantly decreased, offspring sex ratio also decreased significantly. Compared with the continuous stress treatment, adult life expectancy was significantly prolonged; the developmental duration and reproduction of Drosophila larvae had no significant effect. The results showed that the interference with the ladybugs of M. cuneata could indirectly increase the fitness of fruit flies, increase the population of fruit flies, and maintain the fruit fly population self-sustaining to the corresponding level.