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目的了解济南市2014年15岁以下儿童法定报告传染病发病的流行特征,为有针对性地制定防控措施提供依据。方法使用Excel软件对2014年《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中报告的济南市15岁以下儿童法定报告传染病发病数据进行整理和统计,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014年济南市共报告15岁以下儿童法定报告传染病16 806例,无死亡病例,发病率为1 691.49/10万。肠道传染病发病14 046例,占83.59%;呼吸道传染病发病2 718例,占16.17%。单病种发病数居前3位的为手足口病(13 121例)、猩红热(1 178例)和流行性腮腺炎(970例)。发病率居前3位的地区是槐荫区(3 763.41/10万)、天桥区(2 793.34/10万)和历下区(2 764.27/10万)。3—7月为呼吸道传染病发病高峰,共1 430例,占52.61%;4—9月为肠道传染病的发病高峰,共11 370例,占80.95%。男女性别发病比为1.47∶1。肠道传染病中6岁以下儿童发病13 026例,占92.74%;呼吸道传染病中8岁以下儿童发病2 056例,占76.01%。散居儿童发病9 060例,占56.32%;幼托儿童发病6 042例,占37.56%;学生发病1 704例,占10.59%。结论手足口病是危害15岁以下儿童的最主要的传染病,6岁以下儿童法定报告传染病发病率高。要采取针对性的措施控制儿童传染病的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the statutory reportable infectious diseases in children under 15 years of age in Ji’nan city in 2014 and provide the basis for the targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Excel software was used to sort out and count the statutory reportable infectious diseases of children under 15 years of age reported in “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System” of Jinan City in 2014, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results In 2014, Jinan reported a total of 16 806 statutory reported communicable diseases among children under 15 years of age with no deaths, the incidence was 1 691.49 per 100 000. 14 046 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 83.59%; 2 718 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, accounting for 16.17%. The top 3 single disease cases were hand-foot-mouth disease (13,121 cases), scarlet fever (1,178 cases) and mumps (970 cases). The top 3 incidence areas were Huaiyin District (3 763.41 / 100,000), flyover area (2 793.34 / 100 000) and Lixia District (2 764.27 / 100 000). The peak incidence of respiratory infectious diseases was from March to July, with a total of 1 430 cases (52.61%); the peak incidence of intestinal infectious diseases from April to September was 11 370 cases (80.95%). Male to female sex ratio was 1.47: 1. In the intestinal infectious diseases, 13,026 children were under 6 years old, accounting for 92.74%. In the respiratory infectious diseases, 2,056 were children under 8 years old, accounting for 76.01%. The incidence of scattered children was 9 060 cases, accounting for 56.32%. The incidence of child care children was 6 042 cases, accounting for 37.56%. The incidence of students was 1 704 cases, accounting for 10.59%. Conclusion HFMD is the most important infectious disease that endangers children under 15 years of age. Statutory reporting of infectious diseases in children under 6 years of age is high. To take targeted measures to control the occurrence of childhood infectious diseases.