子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)伴发大量腹水较少见,却可致病变扩散,并出现相应症状。因其类似恶性肿瘤,常有误诊。为提高对此症的认识,复习所见的4例及文献报道的27例,以期能使此症的诊断更准确,治疗更合理,减少复发,并尽可能改善患者生育能力。 绝大多数此类患者的最初表现均为腹胀,腹痛,2/3有厌食及恶心,1/3有显著体重减轻,亦有食欲不振及呕吐者。查体有明显的腹水征。这些表现加上查体、B超、CT等发现附件肿块,多诊断为恶性肿瘤。但此症亦有内异症特有的临床征象,如进行性痛经(61%),子宫直肠窝或子宫骶骨韧带等处多个 Endometriosis (referred to as endometriosis) associated with a large amount of ascites is less common, but can cause lesions spread, and the corresponding symptoms. Because of its similar malignant tumors, often misdiagnosed. In order to improve the understanding of this disease, we reviewed 4 cases and 27 cases reported in the literature so as to make the diagnosis of this disease more accurate, the treatment more reasonable, reduce the recurrence and improve the patient’s fertility as much as possible. The vast majority of these patients initially developed abdominal distension, abdominal pain, two thirds had anorexia and nausea, one third had significant weight loss, and some had loss of appetite and vomiting. Physical examination showed signs of ascites. These performance coupled with physical examination, B ultrasound, CT and other annex lumps were found, and more diagnosis of malignant tumors. However, this disease also has endometriosis-specific clinical signs, such as progressive dysmenorrhea (61%), uterine rectal fossa or uterus sacral ligament, etc.