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乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)可经多种渠道传播,垂直传播是其主要传播途径,其中又以产前传播为主。产前传播可分为经胎盘传播和经生殖细胞传播。临床上使用高效免疫球蛋白(HBIG)联合乙型肝炎疫苗阻断携带HBV的妊娠妇女及其新生儿间的传播,但有部分患者免疫失败。近年研究证实,HBVDNA可以游离或整合的形式以人生殖细胞为载体实现病毒的垂直传播。已证实,妊娠妇女血清HBVDNA含量、病毒变异体和遗传易感性等是引起垂直传播阻断失败的因素,即病毒垂直传播的易感因素。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted through many channels, and vertical transmission is the main route of transmission. Among them, prenatal transmission is the major issue. Prenatal transmission can be divided into placental transmission and germ cell transmission. Clinically, the use of high-potency immunoglobulin (HBIG) combined with Hepatitis B vaccine blocks the transmission of HBV-bearing pregnant women and their newborns, but some patients have failed immunizations. Recent studies have confirmed that HBVDNA can be free or integrated form of human germ cells as a carrier to achieve the vertical transmission of the virus. Has confirmed that serum HBVDNA levels in pregnant women, viral variants and genetic susceptibility is the cause of failure of vertical transmission and block failure, the vertical transmission of the virus susceptibility factors.