目的　研究早产儿视网膜病 (ROP)的患病率、高危因素、治疗及随访预后。方法　对 1996～ 2 0 0 0年 5年中住院的 5 6 8例早产儿常规行眼底检查至生后 6个月 ,发现ROP者密切随访追踪 ,Ⅲ期阈值以上者行激光或冷凝手术治疗。结果　检出ROP患儿 46例 (8 1% ) ,其中 2 3例 (5 0 0 % )病变逐渐稳定并恢复正常 ;8例(17 4% )病情进展恶化需手术治疗 ;8例 (17 4% )有持续局限性病变 ,视力明显受损 ;3例 (6 5 % )失明 ,4例失访。高危因素分别为低出生体重、小孕周、长期或高浓度氧疗以及早期严重贫血。结论　ROP严重影响早产儿远期生存质量 ,建议对所有早产儿及有高危因素的新生儿常规行眼底检查 ,以早期发现ROP并给予适当治疗及随访 Objective To study the prevalence, risk factors, treatment and prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods 566 preterm infants hospitalized in 5 years from 1996 to 2000 were routinely examined by fundus examination to 6 months after birth. ROP patients were followed up closely, and those with stage Ⅲ or higher were treated by laser or condensation. Results 46 cases (81%) were detected in ROP, of which 23 cases (500%) were stable and returned to normal; 8 cases (17 4% %) Had persistent limitations of disease, visual impairment was significantly; 3 cases (65%) were blind, 4 cases were lost. Risk factors were low birth weight, gestational age, long-term or high-concentration oxygen therapy and early severe anemia. Conclusions ROP has a serious impact on long-term quality of life in preterm infants. It is suggested that routine examination of fundus in all preterm infants and newborns with high risk factors should be performed to detect ROP early and appropriate treatment and follow-up