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目的分析狂犬病流行病学特征,探讨狂犬病防制策略和措施。方法收集浙江省台州市狂犬病疫情数据和相关流行病学资料,用Excel软件进行资料统计,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1950-2008年台州市共报告狂犬病发病死亡111例,其中1981-1983年25例,2001-2008年86例。疫情波及全市8县(市、区)58个乡镇。全年均有病例发生,7-12月占发病总数的65.12%。以农民发病为主(63.95%),30～69岁年龄组发病较多(占68.60%),男女性别比为1.26:1。潜伏期1年以内占86.58%,90d以内占59.76%,病程7d以内居多。犬伤占90.70%。暴露后62.79%的病例未做伤口处理,81.39%的病例未接种狂犬病疫苗,95.51%的病例未使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白。狂犬病疫苗免疫后抗体阳转率为94.10%,家犬中检测出狂犬病病毒抗原或抗体。结论台州市狂犬病广泛分布,犬免疫率低和群众防病意识不强等是狂犬病流行的主要原因。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and to explore the strategies and measures for rabies prevention. Methods The rabies epidemic data and related epidemiological data were collected from Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. Data were collected using Excel software and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 111 rabies cases were reported in Taizhou from 1950 to 2008, of which 25 cases were in 1981-1983 and 86 cases in 2001-2008. The outbreak spread to 58 townships in 8 counties (cities and districts) throughout the city. All cases occurred during the year, July-December accounted for 65.12% of the total number of cases. The main incidence of peasants (63.95%), 30 to 69 age group onset more (68.60%), male to female ratio was 1.26: 1. The incubation period was 86.58% within 1 year, 59.76% within 90 days, and the duration was within 7 days. Dogs accounted for 90.70%. After the exposure, 62.79% of the cases were not treated with wounds, 81.39% were not vaccinated against rabies, and 95.51% did not use rabies immunoglobulin. Rabies vaccine immunization after the antibody positive rate was 94.10%, dogs detected in rabies virus antigen or antibody. Conclusion The widespread distribution of rabies in Taizhou, the low immunization rate of dogs and the weak awareness of the public are the main reasons for the rabies epidemic.