新颖的具有药理活性物质有两个来源:一是有机合成,一是活的生物体。直到本世纪初,药物还都是从自然界中取得的。然而,有机化学的发展使合成物质得以激增,而来源于自然界的药物所占比数则相对下降。但是天然产物依然在化学治疗中起主导作用。这不仅有许多天然产物在药物的半合成中得以应用,而且它们是合成新药的“模板”。据估计,现代的药物中有40～45%来源于自然界,或是直接由天然产物衍生而来。就抗生素而言,所占比数则更高。海洋中栖息着500000种生物,占世界上已知生物种类(昆虫除外)的四分之三。因此海洋是蕴藏新颖天然产物的极其丰富的场所。由于海洋生物处在特定的理化环境中(压力大,含盐浓度高),且此环境与陆地环 There are two novel sources of pharmacologically active substances: one is organic synthesis, and one is a living organism. Until the beginning of this century, medicine was also obtained from nature. However, the development of organic chemistry has caused the proliferation of synthetic substances, while the proportion of drugs derived from nature has decreased. However, natural products still play a leading role in chemotherapy. Not only are many natural products used in semisynthetic applications, they are “templates” for the synthesis of new drugs. It is estimated that 40-45% of modern medicines are derived from nature or derived directly from natural products. In terms of antibiotics, the proportion is even higher. There are 500,000 kinds of creatures in the ocean, accounting for three-quarters of the world’s known species (except insects). Therefore, the ocean is an extremely rich place for containing novel natural products. As the marine life in a specific physical and chemical environment (pressure, salt concentration), and this environment and the land ring