抗菌素是由各种微生物产生的一些化学物貭,可以抑制其他微生物的生长,甚至将其杀灭。其种类很多,新的品种不断出現,在外科与其他科一样应用很广泛。无論对感染、創伤、肿瘤等各种疾病的治疗或預防併发症中,选擇适当,应用合法,都可获得滿意的效果。虽然抗菌素不能代替手术,但它已与手术、体液与电解貭平衡、支持疗法、理学疗法等,构成了一个所謂“現代化的外科綜合治疗”的不可缺少部分。有些临床学家甚至强調說“現在是抗菌素的科学时代了”的确,20多年来由于抗菌素的应用,很多疾病的治癒率提高,死亡率降低了,例如急性腹膜炎,过去的死亡率高达40％以上,現在已低于15％,膿毒敗血症、膿胸、急性骨髓炎、气性坏疽等治癒率也大大提高了。再以膿毒敗血症、中毒性休克等为例,过去认为是不治之症,死亡率高达80％以上,現已降低至28％以下。 Antibiotics are chemicals produced by various microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and kill them. There are many different types of new breeds that are constantly emerging and are used in a wide range of applications in surgery and other subjects. Regardless of the infection, trauma, cancer and other diseases in the treatment or prevention of complications, the appropriate choice, the application of law, can be satisfied with the results. Although antibiotics can not replace surgery, it has been associated with surgery, body fluid and electrolytes, supportive therapy and physiotherapy, forming an indispensable part of a so-called “modern surgical treatment.” Some clinicians even stress that “it is now the scientific era of antibiotics.” Indeed, for more than two decades the use of antibiotics has led to an increase in the cure rates and reduced mortality rates in many diseases, such as acute peritonitis, where past mortality rates were as high as 40% Above, now less than 15%, septic sepsis, empyema, acute osteomyelitis, gas gangrene and other cure rates have also greatly increased. To sepsis and toxic shock, for example, in the past that is incurable disease, the mortality rate as high as 80%, has now dropped below 28%.