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前言近年来,对汽轮机提出的要求之一是扩大运行负荷范围和凝汽器的压力范围。在日本的火电机组中,随着原子能发电作为基本负荷运用,即使是新型大容量机组,也要求扩大电力调整性能,使其能在低负荷(例如最低负荷为15％)下运行。在具有采用冷却塔方式凝汽器的汽轮机中,凝汽器压力随着大气温度变化较大,其压力参数在5～50KPa范围内。此外,即使在地热汽轮机中,也有采用在中间级输入扩容后的蒸汽、从而大幅度增加负荷的形式。在这种扩大运行范围的情况下,易受运行条件影响的部分,即低压末级、中间进汽级和调速级都在偏离设计点的状态下运行。这时,由于产生了流动的非稳定现象,即周
Preface In recent years, one of the requirements for steam turbines has been to expand the operating load range and the pressure range of the condenser. In Japanese thermal power plants, even with the new high-capacity units, atomic power generation is required as a basic load, and it is required to expand the power adjustment performance so that it can operate at a low load (for example, a minimum load of 15%). In a turbine with a condenser using a cooling tower, the pressure of the condenser varies greatly with the atmospheric temperature, and the pressure parameter is in the range of 5 to 50 KPa. In addition, even in the geothermal turbine, there is also the use of steam in the intermediate stage after the input expansion, which greatly increased the load form. With this extended operating range, the parts that are susceptible to operating conditions, ie, the low-pressure final stage, the intermediate steam-injection stage and the speed regulation stage, operate at deviations from the design point. At this time, due to the flow of instability, that is, weeks