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一、前言 汽车发动机研究发展的最终目标是提高热效率。1960年净化排气作为一个社会问题提出以后,解决排气污染,降低噪音,就成了研究开发的主要课题。之后由于石油危机,节约能源,降低油耗,提高寿命,就又上升为主要课题。因此,当今既要满足排污限制,又要谋求降低油耗。 近来,汽车发动机的动向是:汽油机为满足上述要求,采用增压、DOAC、单缸采用3个或4个汽门等措施。同时,为了增大扭矩和提高低负荷时的燃烧效率,采用可调汽化器。柴油机则采用涡轮增压加中冷技术,实现增大功率和降低油耗的目的。
First, the foreword The ultimate goal of automotive engine research and development is to improve thermal efficiency. After purifying exhaust gas in 1960 as a social issue, it has become a major issue for research and development to solve exhaust pollution and reduce noise. After that, due to the oil crisis, saving energy, reducing fuel consumption and raising life expectancy, it rose again as the main issue. Therefore, today it is necessary to meet the emission limits, but also to reduce fuel consumption. Recently, the trend of automotive engines is: gasoline engine to meet the above requirements, the use of booster, DOAC, single-cylinder with 3 or 4 valves and other measures. At the same time, in order to increase the torque and improve the combustion efficiency at low load, the use of adjustable carburetor. Diesel is turbocharged plus cooling technology to achieve the purpose of increasing power and reduce fuel consumption.