近年来,关于中华人民共和国历史的研究日益成为国际学术界的“显学”。①其中,如何将1950年代中国社会史的研究引向深入,则是为学者们所广为关注的问题。对此,可以有不同角度与层面的回答。本文要强调的是,一个极为重要但容易为人们所忽视的视角是:以新近解密的中华人民共和国外交档案及其他相关文献资料及口述史资料为基础,以“新中国”及其“合法性表述”的创建和巩固为关注和研究重点,以中国共产党所领导的国家以“革 In recent years, the research on the history of the People’s Republic of China has increasingly become the ”significant study “ in international academic circles. Among them, how to direct the study of social history in China in the 1950s is a matter of widespread concern for scholars. In this regard, there are different angles and levels of answer. What is emphasized in this article is that an extremely important but easily neglected perspective is that based on the newly decrypted diplomatic archives of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant documents and oral history materials and on the basis of ”new China“ and its ” The establishment and consolidation of the “legitimacy statement” as the focus and research focus, with the Chinese Communist Party led by the state to “leather”