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目的了解金华市涉禽场所A型流感病毒分布情况,评估人感染禽流感风险,为人禽流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法选取全市155个涉禽场所,采集6类环境标本1445份,采用聚合酶链反应方法检测A型流感病毒,使用χ2检验对检测结果进行分析。结果全市10个县(市、区)A型流感病毒场所阳性率为50.97%,标本阳性率为26.44%。4类涉禽场所中,禽交易市场标本阳性率为33.94%,均高于规模禽养殖场、禽散养村和野生候鸟栖息地(均P<0.01)。6类环境标本中,其他类型(肺、肠等禽内脏废弃物)、禽宰杀加工清洗污水、禽宰杀加工器具涂抹物的阳性率均高于禽粪便、禽饮水、养禽笼具表面涂抹物(均P<0.01)。全市10个县(市、区)环境标本均有A型流感病毒检出,冬春季A型流感阳性率高于夏秋季(χ2=46.490,P<0.01)。城乡禽交易市场A型流感阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.040,P>0.01)。结论金华市城乡禽交易市场、禽宰杀环节和冬春季A型流感病毒检出率较高,存在人感染风险。冬春季加强禽交易市场监管,落实检疫准入、消毒、休市、关闭等措施,推广禽类“杀白上市”模式,是降低人禽流感发生风险的关键。
Objective To understand the distribution of influenza A virus in wading places in Jinhua City and evaluate the risk of bird flu in humans and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bird flu. Methods 155 wicker venues were selected from the city and 1445 samples of 6 types of environmental samples were collected. The influenza A virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction and the results were analyzed by χ2 test. Results The positive rate of influenza A virus in 10 counties (cities and districts) was 50.97% and the positive rate was 26.44%. Among the four types of wading venues, the positive rate of the samples in the poultry market was 33.94%, which were higher than that of the scale poultry farms, poultry farms and wild migratory birds habitat (all P <0.01). Among the six types of environmental specimens, the positive rates of other types (poultry and litter such as lung and intestine), slaughter and processing sewage of birds, applicators of slaughtering and processing instruments were higher than those of poultry excrement, poultry drinking water, (All P <0.01). Influenza A virus was detected in all the 10 counties (cities, districts) in the city. The positive rate of influenza A in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn (χ2 = 46.490, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in positive rate of influenza A in urban and rural poultry market (χ2 = 0.040, P> 0.01). Conclusion The detection rate of urban and rural poultry markets in Jinhua City, poultry slaughtering links and influenza A virus in winter and spring are high, and there is a risk of human infection. In winter and spring to strengthen the supervision of the poultry trade market, the implementation of quarantine access, disinfection, closing, closing and other measures to promote poultry “kill the market ” model is to reduce the risk of human bird flu the key.