[Objective]To engage in a systematic pharmacognostic identification study on Swertia nervosa(Wallich ex G.Don) C.B.Clarke.[Method]Characteristics and microscopic structure were studied by morphology and microanatomy method;Meanwhile.HPLC was used to measure the content of active components in S.nervosa [Result]Morphological and histological characters of S.nervosa were described and illustrated with line drawing.Chromatographic peaks of swertiamarin,gentiopicroside and mangiferin were well separated on the baseline.All calibration curves of the three active components showed good linearity within a certain concentration range.Of these,content of swertiamarin and gentiopicroside was 1.21 and 4.41 mg /g,while mangiferin was not detected.[Conclusion]These studies can provide evidence for further development,quality control,and identification of S.nervosa. [Objective] To engage in a systematic pharmacognostic identification study on Swertia nervosa (Wallich ex G. Don) CBClarke. [Method] Characteristics and microscopic structure were studied by morphology and microanatomy method; Meanwhile. HPLC was used to measure the content of active components in S. nervosa [Result] Morphological and histological characters of S. nervosa were described and illustrated with line drawing. Chromatographic peaks of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and mangiferin were well separated on the baseline. All calibration curves of the three active components showed good linearity within a certain concentration range. Of these, content of swertiamarin and gentiopicroside was 1.21 and 4.41 mg / g, while mangiferin was not detected. [Conclusion] These studies can provide evidence for further development, quality control, and identification of S. nervosa.