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煤层开采后,采空区上覆岩层失去力平衡,发生变形移动。其结果,形成岩梁或岩石拱,以承受上覆岩层的重量,并将其荷载传递到采场周围,达到力的暂时平衡。于是在工作面前方和工作面上下山方向的煤体或煤柱上,以及在工作面后方已冒落受压的矸石上形成支承压力(见图1)。随着工作面的推进,这种支承压力不断向前移动和发生一些变化。当工作面推过一定距离或工作面停止时,采场周围围岩仍然保持着一个残余支承压力。
After the coal seam is mined, the overlying strata in the goaf lose its balance of forces and undergo deformation and movement. As a result, a rock beam or a rock arch is formed to bear the weight of the overburden and to transfer its load around the stope to achieve a temporary balance of forces. Therefore, pressure is exerted on the coal or coal pillars in front of the working face and on the working face up and down the mountain, and on the waste rock that has risen behind the working face (see Figure 1). As the work surface progresses, this pressure of support continues to move forward and change somewhat. When the work surface pushed a certain distance or the work surface stopped, the surrounding rock around the stope still maintained a residual support pressure.