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目的了解兰州市农村集中式供水卫生现状。方法 2013年—2015年随机整群选取兰州市农村集中式供水工程471个,分别于枯水期和丰水期采集出厂水、末梢水水样进行水质检测分析。水样的采集和检验按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行。水样的评价按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB/T 5749-2006)进行。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件包进行χ~2检验。结果共采集水样941份,合格率47.7%。2013年—2015年水样合格率波动下降,地下水高于地表水(P<0.05);丰水期和枯水期比较,出厂水和末梢水比较,差异均无统计学意义。35项检测指标中,合格率低于90%的指标包括总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数、浑浊度、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体和总硬度7项,其中以总大肠菌群合格率最低(74.7%)。结论兰州市农村集中式供水水质合格率较低且波动下降;微生物、感官性状和一般化学指标是水质合格率较低的重要原因。
Objective To understand the status quo of rural centralized water supply and sanitation in Lanzhou. Methods A total of 471 rural centralized water supply projects in Lanzhou were selected from random cluster in 2013-2015. Water samples were collected from the factory water and the peripheral water samples during the dry and wet periods respectively for water quality analysis. Water samples collected and tested in accordance with “drinking water standard test method” (GB / T 5750-2006). Water samples were evaluated in accordance with the “Drinking Water Standard of Health” (GB / T 5749-2006). SPSS 18.0 statistical package was used for χ ~ 2 test. Results A total of 941 water samples were collected with a pass rate of 47.7%. From 2013 to 2015, the passing rate of water samples decreased and the groundwater level was higher than that of surface water (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the factory water and the terminal water in the wet season and the dry season. Of the 35 test items, the indicators with the pass rate of less than 90% include total coliforms, heat-resistant coliforms, total number of colonies, turbidity, sulfate, total dissolved solids and total hardness of 7, of which total coliforms The lowest pass rate was 74.7%. Conclusion The qualified rate of centralized water supply in rural areas in Lanzhou City is low and its fluctuation is low. Microbes, sensory traits and general chemical indicators are the important reasons for the low pass rate of water quality.