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“近代”一词有两种含义,指时间和社会发展形态。中国史学界“近代”、“现代”说法的指称对象虽渐趋一致,但在实际教学、科研中,二者相混,难以硬性规范。“近代”应明确指半殖民地半封建社会史,其上限以鸦片战争为标志,但只具相对意义,近代史时段——鸦片战争至中华人民共和国成立,亦不能作僵化理解。应根据具体研究对象来确定研究的时空范围,淡化“上下限”概念,拓展中国近代史研究视野,在更为宏大的历史时空中考察中国近代社会历史的走向,将是中国近代史学科新的突破和发展的契机。
The term “modern” has two meanings, referring to time and social development. Though the allegations of “modern” and “modern” theories in Chinese historiography have become more and more consistent, they are hard to be rigidly regulated in actual teaching and research. “Modern Times” should clearly refer to the history of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Its upper limit is marked by the Opium War, but it is only of relative significance. The modern history period - the establishment of the Opium War to the People’s Republic of China can not be rigidly understood. The scope of the study should be determined according to the specific object of study, the concept of “upper and lower limits” should be diluted, the field of vision of modern Chinese history should be expanded, and the trend of social history in modern China should be examined in a more ambitious historical space and time, which will be a new discipline in modern Chinese history Breakthrough and development opportunities.