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事情缘于2003年年中印度MTNL(Mahanagilr TelephoneN唔am Limifed)公司的一次工程竞标。当时,印度MTNL公司计划在德里和孟买铺设80万线容量的cDMA网络,投资规模60亿卢比(60亿卢比约合13亿美元,120亿人民币),2003年8月份正式开工。华为科技和中兴通讯分别通过印度本地合作伙伴。同时参与了该项目的竞争。正是在此次竞标中,华为和中兴陷入了严重争端,相互指责对方不正当的竞争手段。“中兴指责华为并不具备投标条件而参与投标;华为则予以反驳,称中兴试图破坏华为在印度市场的形象。”外电评述。这次中兴通讯和华为科技在印度的争单行为,只不过是中国企业在海外竞争的一个缩影?随着越来越多的中国企业开始拓展海外市场,这样的情况将会越来越常见。中国企业在争夺海外市场时表现出来的相互诋毁、价格战之类的内耗让业内人士深感忧虑。有媒体分析中国企业国际化时称:无论价格切入模式也好,还是品牌输出、资本并购、技术合作等模式也好,国内企业国际化都没有取得确切的进展。相反,国内企业的短处,却开始“发扬光大”,中国企业在争夺国际市场过程中,越来越多地发生与国内一样的恶性竞争局面。很多产品都在国际上遭到反倾销调查,并被课以沉重关税惩罚。而中国产品“价廉质次”的整体形象,也使国内企业在国际市场上受到重重阻隔。时至今日,这一问题也是中国众多产业跃跃欲试于国际化企业的一面镜子,本文特邀两位知名专家选取欧美日早期拓展海外市场,如何规避恶性竞争,走向良性循换的典型案例进行剖析,对中国企业极具借鉴意义。
It was due to a bidding for a project by MTNL (Mahanagilr TelephoneNamlifed) in mid-2003. At that time, MTNL plans to set up an 800,000-line cDMA network in Delhi and Mumbai with an investment of 6 billion rupees (6 billion rupees or 1.3 billion U.S. dollars and 12 billion yuan) and started its operation in August 2003. Huawei Technologies and ZTE respectively adopted local partners in India. At the same time involved in the project competition. It is in this bidding that Huawei and ZTE fell into serious disputes, accusing each other of unfair competition means. “ZTE accused Huawei of not having the bidding conditions and participating in the bidding; Huawei rebutted it, saying that ZTE tried to undermine Huawei’s image in the Indian market.” This time, the dispute between ZTE and Huawei Technologies in India is merely a microcosm of Chinese companies competing overseas. As more and more Chinese enterprises start to expand their overseas markets, such a situation will become more and more common. Chinese enterprises in the fight for overseas markets demonstrated mutual denudations, such as price war internal friction so deeply concerned about the industry. Some media analysis of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises, said: No matter the price cut into the model Ye Hao, or brand output, capital M & A, technical cooperation and other models Ye Hao, the internationalization of domestic enterprises have not made any definite progress. On the contrary, the weaknesses of domestic enterprises have begun to “flourish.” Chinese enterprises are increasingly competing in vicious competition with their own counterparts in their fight for international markets. Many products are anti-dumping investigations in the international arena and are subject to heavy tariffs. The overall image of “cheap and quality products” of Chinese products has also made domestic enterprises severely obstructed in the international market. Today, this issue is also a mirror that many industries in China are eager to internationalize. This article invited two well-known experts to select the typical cases of Europe, the United States and Japan to expand overseas markets early, how to avoid vicious competition and move toward benign exchange, Very useful for Chinese enterprises.