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慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患者由于疾病本身的影响造成营养素的摄入不足、吸收不良及消耗量增加等,易导致机体的营养不良。良好的营养状态对COPD患者的预后有着积极的作用,而合理的营养支持有助于改善患者的营养不良状态。在营养支持过程中,营养支持方式及时机的选择、营养配方的选择以及一些特殊营养物质的添加都会直接影响营养治疗的效果。同时,在进行营养治疗过程中,易出现腹胀、腹泻、胃潴留、返流、吸入性肺炎等常见并发症,这些并发症如何处理也会影响患者的预后。营养支持的监测可以为营养治疗方案的调整提供依据,因此应该如何通过相关生化指标的监测来评估营养支持的效果也是一个重要的问题。作者对这些相关问题作一讨论。
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the disease itself caused by inadequate nutrient intake, malabsorption and increased consumption, easily lead to malnutrition in the body. Good nutritional status has a positive effect on the prognosis of patients with COPD, and reasonable nutritional support can help to improve the patient’s malnutrition status. In the process of nutritional support, the choice of nutritional support methods and timing, the choice of nutritional formula and the addition of some special nutritional substances will directly affect the effectiveness of nutritional therapy. At the same time, in the process of nutritional therapy, prone to bloating, diarrhea, gastric retention, reflux, aspiration pneumonia and other common complications, how to deal with these complications will also affect the prognosis of patients. The monitoring of nutrition support can provide a basis for the adjustment of nutrition treatment programs. Therefore, how to evaluate the effect of nutrition support through the monitoring of relevant biochemical indicators is also an important issue. The author discusses these related issues.