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p53基因是近年研究最热门的抑癌基因,对其序列结构、染色体定位和编码产物基本明确。它与人类许多肿瘤关系密切,其总突变率为10%～70%之间,平均约为50%。野生型p53基因起分子警察作用,监视细胞基因组的完整性,阻止具有癌变倾向的基因突变细胞产生;突变型p53蛋白失去抑癌功能,并促进细胞的恶性转化。p53失活会使细胞DNA损伤修复失效和细胞凋亡受阻,使细胞获得继续增殖和向恶性转化的能力。因此,p53基因也被认为是一凋亡基因。随着p53基因异常检测方法的迅速发展,使人们可
The p53 gene is the most popular tumor suppressor gene in recent years. Its sequence structure, chromosome location and encoded products are basically clear. It is closely related to many human tumors, and its total mutation rate is between 10% and 70%, with an average of about 50%. The wild-type p53 gene acts as a molecular police officer to monitor the integrity of the cell genome and prevent the gene-mutant cells that have the tendency to become cancerous. The mutant p53 protein loses its tumor suppressor function and promotes the malignant transformation of cells. Inactivation of p53 results in the failure of DNA damage repair and impaired apoptosis, allowing the cells to acquire the ability to continue proliferation and malignant transformation. Therefore, the p53 gene is also considered to be an apoptotic gene. With the rapid development of p53 gene anomaly detection methods, people can