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阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒缩及螺旋动脉的张力是控制阴茎状态的关键．已证实有三种神经机制共同参与阴茎海绵体平滑肌和螺旋动脉张力的调控，即肾上腺能、胆碱能和非肾上腺非胆碱能（ＮＡＮＣ）。其中ＮＡＮＣ机理被认为是阴茎海绵体血管平滑肌舒张的主要机制。然而，何种生物活性物质是ＮＡＮＣ的神经介质则一直是生物医学家们探索的主要内容。本文综合世界上这一领域的主要研究现状及本文作者的研究结果提出：一氮氧（ＮＯ）是诱导阴茎勃起的主要神经介质之理论。该理论的建立，将给阴茎勃起机理的研究和阳萎的治疗带来一场革命。
Contraction and contraction of the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum and the tension of the spiral artery are the keys to controlling the state of the penis. Three neural mechanisms have been identified that are involved in the regulation of tension in the corpus cavernosum and spiral arteries, namely, adrenal, cholinergic and non-adrenal non-cholinergic (NANC). Which NANC mechanism is considered to be the main mechanism of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the penis. However, what kind of bioactive substance is the neural medium of NANC has been the main content explored by biomedical scientists. This article synthesizes the main research status in this field in the world and the result of the author’s research suggests that one nitric oxide (NO) is the theory of the main neural medium inducing penile erection. The establishment of this theory will bring a revolution to the research on penile erectile mechanism and the treatment of impotence.