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目的探讨平乐县人间狂犬病流行病学特征及流行因素,为制订防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2001-2009年平乐县疫情资料和狂犬病个案资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2001-2009年平乐县共报告狂犬病50例,病例主要集中在5～10月,有一定的季节性,发病以农村为主,农民和农村学生为主要发病人群;头面部咬伤的潜伏期短,下肢咬伤的潜伏期较长;82.0%的病例未进行任何伤口处理,92.0%的病例未进行免疫接种。结论平乐县狂犬病疫情较为严重,犬类数量多且缺乏监管,群众防病意识不强,暴露后未进行伤口处理和不注射疫苗是导致狂犬病发病的主要原因。必须采取综合措施,加强犬类管理,加大健康教育力度,规范暴露后伤口处理,加强对医务人员的培训工作等,才能有效降低发病率。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of human rabies in Pingle County, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods The data of epidemic situation and rabies in Pingle County from 2001 to 2009 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 50 cases of rabies were reported in Pingle County during 2001-2009. The cases were mainly from May to October with a certain seasonal pattern. The incidence was mainly in rural areas, while the peasants and rural students were the main disease groups. The incubation period of head and facial bites Short and lower extremity bites had a longer incubation period. No wounds were treated in 82.0% of the cases and 92.0% of the cases were not immunized. Conclusions The rabies epidemic in Pingle County is more serious, with more dogs and no supervision, and less public awareness of disease prevention. After exposure, no rabies treatment and no vaccination are the main causes of rabies. Comprehensive measures must be taken to strengthen the dog management, increase health education, regulate post-exposure wound treatment, and strengthen the training of medical personnel, etc., in order to effectively reduce the incidence.