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自从Tyzzer于1907年从小鼠的胃粘膜中发现隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium,下简称CS)后,现在知道,CS成为30多种以上的哺乳动物、鸟类、爬虫动物、鱼类和节肢动物的寄生虫。1976年Nime等在1例3岁儿童患有小肠结肠炎时,从其直肠活检标本中发现CS。随后,相继有CS性腹泻的报道。不过,1983年前,仅有6例。近5年来,大量资料表明,CS是小儿腹泻的重要病原,引起世界医学界的普遍重视。兹就CS性腹泻的流行病学、发病机理、临床表现和诊断、治疗等方面的进展综述如下。
Since Tyzzer’s discovery of cryptosporidium (Cryptosporidium) from the gastric mucosa of mice in 1907, it is now known that CS becomes parasitic to more than 30 mammalian, avian, reptile, fish and arthropod insect. In 1976, when a 3-year-old child had enterocolitis, Nime et al. Found CS from his rectal biopsy specimen. Subsequently, there have been reports of CS diarrhea. However, before 1983, only 6 cases. The past five years, a large number of data show that CS is an important pathogen in children with diarrhea, causing widespread attention in the world medical community. The progress of CS diarrhea epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, treatment and so on are summarized below.