现代外语教学已转变为以学生为主体的自主学习模式。在自主学习的情况下,管理学习的任务交给了学生自己,如何使他们成为高效率的自主学习者?元认知水平的提高就是培养学习者自主性的关键因素之一。本文从学生、教师和教育机构的角色出发阐述了如何通过对学生元认知水平的培养提高学习者自主性。 Modern foreign language teaching has been transformed into a student-centered autonomous learning model. In the case of autonomous learning, the task of management learning is handed over to the students themselves. How to make them become efficient autonomous learners? Increasing the level of metacognition is one of the key factors in cultivating learner autonomy. Based on the roles of students, teachers and educational institutions, this article expounds how to improve learner autonomy by cultivating students’ metacognitive skills.