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前言信息、能源和材料构成现代文明的三大支柱及高技术的核心。信息处理由五个基本过程构成,即输入、运算、存贮、输出和分配,亦有人简单概括为存贮、传递和运算。数字信息以两种相反的状态作为一个信息单元(bit),因此凡具有开关功能的元件都能存贮信息。现已使用和即将实用的存贮技术包括半导体存贮、磁存贮和光存贮。评价各种存贮技术的标准是记录密度、写入读出时间和价格。各种存贮技术的功能见图1所示。
Foreword Information, energy and materials form the three pillars of modern civilization and the core of high technology. Information processing consists of five basic processes, namely inputting, computing, storing, outputting and distributing, and others simply summarizing storage, delivery and computing. Digital information takes two opposite states as a bit of information, so that all components that have a switch function store information. Currently available and upcoming practical storage technologies include semiconductor storage, magnetic storage and optical storage. The criteria for evaluating various storage technologies are recording density, writing read-in time, and price. The functions of various storage technologies are shown in Figure 1.