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目的分析额、枕部直接冲击造成中脑应力响应,探讨颅脑直接冲击导致脑干损伤的力学机制。方法构建头颅三维有限元模型,模拟计算额、枕部直接冲击损伤,分析中脑上、下交界面节点应力分布,总结中脑应力响应。结果中脑-间脑界面在冲击初始阶段,2ms即出现应力增高,中脑-桥脑界面应力升高开始于冲击后期(10ms),两交界面节点应力在冲击时程中均持续升高,额部冲击比枕部冲击在中-间脑界面造成的应力峰值高。结论中脑在颅脑直接冲击伤的致伤机制中占有突出地位,中脑的应力改变可解释脑震荡的意识障碍及部分原发脑干伤的临床表现。
Objective To analyze the stress response of midbrain caused by the direct impact of forehead and occipital lobe and to explore the mechanism of brain stem injury caused by direct brain injury. Methods Three-dimensional finite element model of cranial cranium was constructed to simulate the amount of impact and direct impact injury of the occipital region. The stress distribution at the junction of midbrain and lower extremities was analyzed, and the stress response of midbrain was summarized. Results At the initial stage of shock, the stress increased at 2 ms and the stress at the midbrain - pontine interface began at the late stage of impact (10 ms). The stress at the nodes of the two interfaces continued to increase during the impact duration. Impact is higher than the impact of occipital impact in the mid-brain interface peak high stress. Conclusion The midbrain plays a prominent role in the injury mechanism of direct impact injury of the brain. The stress changes in the midbrain may explain the disturbance of consciousness and some of the primary brain-stem injuries.