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目的分析宁夏地区职业病病例的分布特点,为制定职业病预防控制措施提供信息支持。方法通过职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统,收集整理2015年宁夏职业病网络报告病例数据,分析其病种、职业、地区等分布特点。结果 2015年全区共收集新确诊职业病105例,主要集中在银川市和石嘴山市,行业分布以采矿(煤炭)行业为主,患者年龄主要集中在35~54岁年龄段,工龄主要集中在10~29a工龄段,不同期别尘肺病确诊年龄和工龄进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);全区开展有毒有害作业工人健康体检的企业为184家,体检总人数为66 273人;农药中毒为378例。结论尘肺病是宁夏地区主要职业病,今后应加强石嘴山市和银川市地区采矿(煤炭)行业和制造行业工作场所中的职业病危害因素的治理,从源头上降低粉尘对工人的危害,同时定期开展职业健康监护,提高疑似职业病的筛检能力。通过宣传,提高中卫市和吴忠市劳动力人群的农药中毒防护意识,积极开展心理健康咨询,减少服药自杀现象,加强有机磷类农药的运输、销售、使用和保存,有效减少农药中毒。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of occupational diseases in Ningxia and provide information support for the development of prevention and control measures of occupational diseases. Methods Through the monitoring system of occupational diseases and occupational health information, the data of Ningxia Occupational Diseases Network Report collected and sorted out in 2015 were analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of their diseases, occupations and regions were analyzed. Results In 2015, a total of 105 newly diagnosed occupational diseases were collected in the district, mainly in Yinchuan and Shizuishan. The industries were mainly in the mining (coal) industry. The patients were mainly aged from 35 to 54 years of age, and their length of service mainly concentrated in 10 ~ 29a years of service age, different stages of pneumoconiosis diagnosis of age and length of service were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05); the region to carry out toxic and hazardous workers in health examination of 184 enterprises, the total number of medical examination 66 273 People; 378 cases of pesticide poisoning. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis is a major occupational disease in Ningxia. In the future, we should strengthen the management of occupational hazards in the mining (coal) industry and manufacturing industry in Shizuishan and Yinchuan, reduce the hazards of dust to workers from the source and carry out regular occupations Health care, improve the screening of suspected occupational diseases. Through advocacy, we should raise awareness of prevention and control of pesticide poisoning in the workforce in Zhongwei City and Wuzhong City, actively conduct psychological counseling, reduce the phenomenon of taking suicide, and enhance the transportation, sale, use and storage of organophosphate pesticides to effectively reduce pesticide poisoning.