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目的了解绵阳市育龄期妇女乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)与表面抗体(HBsAb)的双阴分布现况,为制定育龄期妇女乙肝控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取绵阳市62 551名15~49岁妇女作为研究对象,对所有研究对象进行问卷调查并采集其血标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对血清中HBsAg和HBsAb进行检测,HBsAg和HBsAb检测结果均为阴性判定为易感。结果共62 035名育龄期妇女纳入分析,检测出HBV易感者共28 460名,双阴率为45.88%;15~20岁组HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性最低;汉族HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性高于其他民族;农村人口HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性高于城市人口;丧偶/离异HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性最高,已婚HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性最低;农民HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性最高,医务人员HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性最低;有乙肝家族史育龄期妇女易感性低于无乙肝家族史者;有乙肝接种史者易感性低于无乙肝接种史者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论绵阳市育龄期妇女HBV表面抗原抗体的双阴性较高,应加强对其HBV易感性的监测和接种乙肝疫苗,以减少乙肝母婴传播的概率。
Objective To understand the status of double-negative distribution of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (HBsAb) in women of childbearing age in Mianyang and to provide a scientific basis for the development of hepatitis B control strategy in women of childbearing age. Methods A total of 62 551 women aged 15-49 years in Mianyang City were selected as the research objects by multi-stage random sampling method. All subjects were investigated by questionnaire and their blood samples were collected. The levels of HBsAg and HBsAg in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HBsAb for testing, HBsAg and HBsAb test results were negative judged as susceptible. Results A total of 62 035 women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study. A total of 28 460 HBV susceptible individuals were detected, with a double-negative rate of 45.88%. The double-negative rate of HBV surface antigen antibody was lowest between 15 and 20 years old. Negative than the other ethnic groups; rural population double negative anti-HBs antibody surface antigen than the city population; widowed / divorced HBV surface antigen antibody double negative highest, the lowest level of anti-HBsAg antibody double negative; peasant HBV surface antigen antibody double The highest negative, medical staff, the lowest surface antigen double-negative antibody; hepatitis B family history of childbearing age women less susceptible than those with no history of hepatitis B; history of hepatitis B vaccination less susceptible than without hepatitis B vaccination history, the difference was statistically Significance (P <0.005). Conclusion The women of childbearing age in Mianyang have higher negative double-negative antibodies against HBV surface antigens. Therefore, the surveillance of HBV susceptibility and hepatitis B vaccination should be strengthened so as to reduce the probability of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B.