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非谓语动词是英语高考语法题中重点考查的对象之一，包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词四个部分。这里简要介绍一下现在分词的用法。
现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。现在分词既有动词的性质，又有形容词性质。在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补语等。
1. 作表语。现在分词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为，放在be动词之后。如：
Our work is serving the people.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
2. 作定语。单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：
reading room阅览室
swimming pool游泳池
waiting room候车室
①现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a house facing south.
②现在分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其他部分分开。如：
The words，usually dealing with current work，were mostly written by himself.
When she appeared，John，wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.
3. 作状语。可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
②现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
③现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
④现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
⑤现在分词有时也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
⑥“with/without+名词或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
4. 作补语。
①在表示感觉或心理状态的动词和表示“致使”等意义的动词如：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find后面与一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补足语。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
②上面这类句子变成被动语态时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time.
5. 现在分词的独立结构。通常由“名词或代词的主格+现在分词”构成，常用作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。如：
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.（表条件）
He guiding her, they stumbled through the street.（表方式）
6. 现在分词的时态和语态。
①现在分词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分。
一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，完成式表示现在分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：
Being a student, he was interested in books.
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
②现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)之分。例如：
The question being discussed is important.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
7. 高中阶段一些固定的现在分词短语如generally speaking（一般来说），judging from...（根据……来判断）， considering...（考虑到……），talking of...（谈到……，提到……），supposing...（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
编辑/孙栎栎
现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。现在分词既有动词的性质，又有形容词性质。在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补语等。
1. 作表语。现在分词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为，放在be动词之后。如：
Our work is serving the people.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
2. 作定语。单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：
reading room阅览室
swimming pool游泳池
waiting room候车室
①现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a house facing south.
②现在分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其他部分分开。如：
The words，usually dealing with current work，were mostly written by himself.
When she appeared，John，wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.
3. 作状语。可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
②现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
③现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
④现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
⑤现在分词有时也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
⑥“with/without+名词或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
4. 作补语。
①在表示感觉或心理状态的动词和表示“致使”等意义的动词如：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find后面与一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补足语。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
②上面这类句子变成被动语态时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time.
5. 现在分词的独立结构。通常由“名词或代词的主格+现在分词”构成，常用作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。如：
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.（表条件）
He guiding her, they stumbled through the street.（表方式）
6. 现在分词的时态和语态。
①现在分词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分。
一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，完成式表示现在分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：
Being a student, he was interested in books.
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
②现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)之分。例如：
The question being discussed is important.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
7. 高中阶段一些固定的现在分词短语如generally speaking（一般来说），judging from...（根据……来判断）， considering...（考虑到……），talking of...（谈到……，提到……），supposing...（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
编辑/孙栎栎